How is High Blood Cholesterol Diagnosed? : Cholesterol

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General Health : Cholesterol

Last Updated: Oct 6, 2009 - 12:07:30 PM

How is High Blood Cholesterol Diagnosed?
By usadruglistinfo
Apr 2, 2005 - 7:47:00 AM

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High blood cholesterol is diagnosed by checking levels of cholesterol in your blood. It is best to have a blood test called a lipoprotein profile to measure your cholesterol levels. Most people will need to "fast" (not eat or drink anything) for 9 to 12 hours before taking the test.

The lipoprotein profile will give information about your:

Total cholesterol
LDL (bad) cholesterol: the main source of cholesterol buildup and blockage in the arteries
HDL (good) cholesterol: the good cholesterol that helps keep cholesterol from building up in arteries
Triglycerides: another form of fat in your blood.

If it is not possible to get a lipoprotein profile done, knowing your total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol can give you a general idea about your cholesterol levels. Testing for total and HDL cholesterol does not require fasting. If your total cholesterol is 200 mg/dL or more, or if your HDL is less than 40 mg/dL, you will need to have a lipoprotein profile done.

Cholesterol levels are measured in milligrams (mg) of cholesterol per deciliter (dL) of blood. See how your cholesterol numbers compare to the tables below.

Total Cholesterol Level Total Cholesterol Category
Less than 200 mg/dL Desirable
200-239 mg/dL Borderline high
240 mg/dL and above High

LDL Cholesterol Level LDL Cholesterol Category
Less than 100 mg/dL Optimal
100-129 mg/dL Near optimal/above optimal
130-159 mg/dL Borderline high
160-189 mg/dL High
190 mg/dL and above Very high

HDL Cholesterol Level HDL Cholesterol Category
Less than 40 mg/dL A major risk factor for heart disease.
40 - 59 mg/dL The higher, the better.
60 mg/dL and above Considered protective against heart disease.

Triglycerides can also raise your risk for heart disease. Levels that are borderline high (150-199 mg/dL) or high (200 mg/dL or more) may need treatment. Things that can increase triglycerides include:

Overweight
Physical inactivity
Cigarette smoking
Excessive alcohol use
Very high carbohydrate diet
Certain diseases and drugs
Genetic disorders.

Checklists for Lowering Your Cholesterol

Eating to lower your cholesterol

It's fairly easy to lower your blood cholesterol. Just eat more foods low in saturated fat and cholesterol and cut down on high-fat ones, especially those high in saturated fats. Here are some simple daily guidelines:

Watch your caloric intake by eating a wide variety of foods low in saturated fat and cholesterol.
Eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables every day.
Eat six or more servings of cereals, breads, pasta and other whole-grain products.
Eat fish, poultry without skin and leaner cuts of meat instead of fatty ones.
Eat fat-free or 1% milk dairy products rather than whole-milk dairy products.
Enjoy 30–60 minutes of vigorous activities on most (or all) days of the week.
Maintain a healthy weight.

Taking medication

It's important when taking medications to follow your healthcare professional's recommendations carefully. When you don't take medicine exactly as prescribed, it can harm you. Without knowing it, you could counteract one medicine by taking it with another. Not taken properly, medicine can make you feel sick or dizzy.

How can I remember to take my medicine?

Take it as advised by your doctor.
Take it at the same time every day.
Take it along with meals if advised or other daily events, like brushing your teeth.
Use special pillboxes that help you keep track, like the day-of-the-week divided ones you find at drugstores.
Ask people close to you to help remind you.
Keep a medication chart near your medicine and make a note every time you take your dose.
Put a sticker or reminder note on your medicine cabinet or refrigerator. You can buy a small, magnetized white board with dry-erase markers and list your pills on the board. Each day, mark the board when you take your medication. It's an easy way to keep track, and at the end of the day, just erase the board and start over again in the morning.

Using medications properly

Understand your medication. Know what it's for, and how and when you're supposed to take it.
Make an instruction sheet for yourself by taping a sample of each pill you have to take on a sheet of paper and writing down all the information about that pill to remind you.
Get some colored labels and stick them on your medicine bottles to simplify your routine. For example, blue can be for morning, red for afternoon and yellow for bedtime.
Ask your pharmacist to help you come up with a coding system for your medications that makes them easier to take.
Timer caps can be purchased for pill bottles to remind you of the proper time to take medication.
Many types of pill containers can be purchased — some even beep when it's time for you to take medication. Ask your pharmacist about these aids. If your medication routine is too complicated, ask your physician or pharmacist to help you simplify the process.
If your medications are too expensive, ask your physician or pharmacist about finding financial assistance.
If you're away from home a lot, make sure you carry enough of your medication with you to take the prescribed doses while you're out. Some pharmacists will prepare blister paks for daily or weekly medications.
If you're using one of the commercial pill dispensers, set a regular time each week to refill it — for example, every Friday night after you eat.
If you have trouble understanding your physician or pharmacist, ask a friend or loved one to go with you and help you.
If you don't feel like your medication is making a difference, talk to your physician and ask why.

Getting started on an exercise program

Wear comfortable clothes and sneakers or flat shoes with laces.
Start slowly. Gradually build up to 30 minutes of activity on most or all days of the week (or whatever your doctor recommends). If you don't have a full 30 minutes, try two 15-minute sessions to meet your goal.
Exercise at the same time of day so it becomes a regular part of your lifestyle. For example, you might walk every weekday from noon to 12:30 p.m.
Drink a cup of water before, during and after exercising (but check with your doctor, because some people need to limit their fluid intake).
Ask family and friends to join you. You'll be more likely to stick with it.
Note your activities on a calendar or in a logbook. Write down the distance or length of time of your activity and how you feel after each session. If you miss a day, plan a make-up day or add 10–15 minutes to your next session.
Use variety to keep your interest up. Walk one day, swim the next time, then go for a bike ride on the weekend.
Join an exercise group, health club or the YMCA. Many churches and senior centers offer exercise programs, too. (Get your doctor's permission first.)
Look for chances to be more active during the day. Walk the mall before shopping, choose a flight of stairs over an escalator, or take 10–15 minute walking breaks while watching TV or sitting for some other activity.
Don't get discouraged if you stop for awhile. Get started again gradually and work up to your old pace.
Don't engage in any activity that causes chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness. If these happen, stop what you're doing right away.
Don't exercise right after meals, when it's very hot or humid, or when you just don't feel up to it.

Making lifestyle changes

Ask your physician or healthcare professional to help you with nutrition and physical activity advice.
Learn to read food labels so you'll be able to tell how much fat, sodium and other ingredients are in your diet.
Keep a diary of all your nutrition and physical activity efforts. Seeing your successes written down will encourage you to continue your good habits.

If you don't feel like you're making progress, talk to your physician and ask why your progress is slow.
If you're having trouble giving up smoking, ask your doctor if you can take a smoking cessation drug to help.
Become an active participant in making treatment decisions and solving problems that keep you from following the doctor's orders.
On average, smokers experience symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD) 10 years earlier than non-smokers.
read more...
It’s time to make a commitment to your heart health. Print out a Heart Pledge and promise to take steps to a healthier life. Put it where you can see it every day as a reminder.
learn more...
A healthy heart needs a heart-smart diet. You can have fun while eating delicious meals low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Get great tips on how to choose foods that are good for you when eating out.
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