An example of a pain treatment continuum that starts with least invasive to more invasive therapies. Physicians should use a treatment continuum unless a patient needs emergency surgery.

• Minimal rest then exercise 
• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Relaxation and biofeedback
• Physical therapy
• One week of opioid therapy
• Membrane stabilization
• Epidurals, facet joint blocks, etc.
• Mini-invasive therapies: IDET, nucleoplasty, annuloplasty, etc.
• Surgery, if warranted
• Opioids
• Spinal cord stimulation
• Intrathecal therapies