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Last Updated: Oct 6, 2009 - 12:07:30 PM |
Barrett's Esophagus
Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and saliva from the mouth to the stomach, changes so that some of its lining is replaced by a type of tissue similar to that normally found in the intestine. This process is called intestinal metaplasia.
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that forms from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Malignant tumors can invade and destroy surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Breast cancer usually affects tissues involved in milk production (ductal and lobular tissues). The cause of most breast cancers is unknown; however, a small percentage of breast cancers tend to cluster in families. These cancers can be caused by mutations in particular genes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. In some cases, genetic syndromes involving other cancers also include an increased risk of breast cancer.
Cervical Cancer
Cancer is a disease in which certain body cells don't function right, divide very fast, and produce too much tissue that forms a tumor. Cervical cancer is cancer in the cervix, the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb). The uterus is the hollow, pear-shaped organ where a baby grows during a woman's pregnancy. The cervix forms a canal that opens into the vagina (birth canal), which leads to the outside of the body.
Cervix Uteri Cancer: U.S. Racial/Ethnic Cancer Patterns
Until the early 1970s, approximately 75% to 80% of cervical cancer in the United States was invasive at the time of diagnosis. Today, about 78% of cervical cancer cases are diagnosed at the in situ stage. Furthermore, both incidence and mortality for invasive cervical cancer have declined about 40% since the early 1970s. Mortality began declining just before the Papanicolaou screening test became widely utilized, however, leaving a dilemma as to the relationship between the Pap test and reductions in cervical cancer mortality. Around the world, cervical cancer is often the most common type of cancer among women.
Chemotherapy and You: A Guide to Self-Help During Cancer Treatment
Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with drugs that can destroy cancer cells. These drugs often are called "anticancer" drugs.
Cigarette Smoking and Cancer: Questions and Answers
Tobacco use, particularly cigarette smoking, is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smoking alone is directly responsible for approximately 30 percent of all cancer deaths annually in the United States (1). Cigarette smoking also causes chronic lung disease (emphysema and chronic bronchitis), cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cataracts. Smoking during pregnancy can cause stillbirth, low birthweight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and other serious pregnancy complications (2). Quitting smoking greatly reduces a person¡¯s risk of developing the diseases mentioned, and can limit adverse health effects on the developing child.
Colorectal Cancer (PDQ®): Prevention
Doctors cannot always explain why one person gets cancer and another does not. However, scientists have studied general patterns of cancer in the population to learn what things around us and what things we do in our lives may increase our chance of developing cancer.
Colorectal Cancer (PDQ®): Screening
Screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. This can help find cancer at an early stage. When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun to spread.
Colorectal Cancer Screening: Questions and Answers
Colorectal cancer is a disease in which cells in the colon or rectum become abnormal and divide without normal control or order, forming a mass called a tumor. (The colon and rectum are parts of the body’s digestive system that remove water and nutrients from food and store solid waste until it passes out of the body.) Cancer cells invade and destroy the tissue around them. They can also break away from the tumor and spread to form new tumors in other parts of the body.
Comparing Your Treatment Options
Below are some questions you may be thinking about. Click on the question to learn more.
Complementary and alternative treatments for cancer: Some help you, others hurt you
Shark cartilage, mistletoe and megadoses of vitamin C may seem unrelated. But if you have cancer, you might have heard of these treatments through magazine articles, Web sites, or friends and family members. These are just a few of the many types of cancer therapy that fall in the realm of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
Diagnosing Lung Cancer
To help find the cause of symptoms, the doctor evaluates a person's medical history, smoking history, exposure to environmental and occupational substances, and family history of cancer. The doctor also performs a physical exam and may order a chest x-ray and other tests. If lung cancer is suspected, sputum cytology (the microscopic examination of cells obtained from a deep-cough sample of mucus in the lungs) is a simple test that may be useful in detecting lung cancer.
Eating Well During Chemotherapy
It is very important to eat well while you are getting chemotherapy. Eating well during chemotherapy means choosing a balanced diet that contains all the nutrients the body needs. Eating well also means having a diet high enough in calories to keep your weight up and high enough in protein to rebuild tissues that cancer treatment may harm. People who eat well can cope with side effects and fight infection better. Also, their bodies can rebuild healthy tissues faster.
Esophageal Cancer (PDQ®): Prevention
Doctors cannot always explain why one person gets cancer and another does not. However, scientists have studied general patterns of cancer in the population to learn what things around us and what things we do in our lives may increase our chance of developing cancer.
Esophageal Cancer (PDQ®): Screening
Screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. This can help find cancer at an early stage. When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun to spread.
Esophageal Cancer Prevention
Esophageal cancer is cancer of the esophagus, the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. Most esophageal cancers are either adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Both types of cancer are found in the tissue that lines the inside of the esophagus. Squamous cell cancers occur in the upper part of the esophagus near the throat and adenocarcinomas occur in the lower part of the esophagus near the stomach.
Esophageal Cancer Screening
Some screening tests are used because they have been shown to be helpful both in finding cancers early and in decreasing the chance of dying from these cancers. Other tests are used because they have been shown to find cancer in some people; however, it has not been proven in clinical trials that use of these tests will decrease the risk of dying from cancer.
Esophageal Cancer Treatment Option Overview
Different types of treatment are available for patients with esophageal cancer. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. Before starting treatment, patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.
Esophageal Cancer Treatment Options By Stage
Stage 0 Esophageal Cancer (Carcinoma in Situ)
Stage I Esophageal Cancer
Stage II Esophageal Cancer
Stage III Esophageal Cancer
Stage IV Esophageal Cancer
Estimating Breast Cancer Risk
This fact sheet provides information on the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool and about breast cancer risk and the drug tamoxifen. Study results from the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial show that tamoxifen can reduce the likelihood of developing breast cancer in women at increased risk for the disease.
Experimental Drug Delays Growth of Advanced Breast Cancer in Women, International Study Finds
ATLANTA (AP) -- Women with advanced breast cancer soon may have another treatment option: A novel experimental drug delayed the growth of tumors nearly twice as long as standard chemotherapy did in patients who had stopped responding to Herceptin, doctors reported Saturday.
Extended Hormone Treatment Helps Prostate Cancer Patients
Long-term hormone therapy for men with locally advanced prostate cancer controls the disease better than short-term hormone therapy, researchers reported at the 2000 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. (Note: the final data were subsequently published in the Nov. 1, 2003, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology; see the journal abstract.)
Facts about Prostate Cancer
Early-stage prostate cancer means that cancer cells are found only in your prostate gland. Compared with many other cancers, prostate cancer tends to grow more slowly. This means that it can take 10 to 30 years before a tumor gets big enough to be found or cause problems (or symptoms). Older men who have prostate cancer often die of something else, not of prostate cancer.
Follow-up Care
Follow-up care after treatment for stomach cancer is important. Even when there are no longer any signs of cancer, the disease sometimes returns because undetected cancer cells remained somewhere in the body after treatment.
Gastric Cancer (PDQ®): Screening
Screening for cancer is examination (or testing) of people for early stages in the development of cancer even though they have no symptoms.
General Information About AIDS-Related Lymphoma
AIDS-related lymphoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lymph system of patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
General Information About Adult Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Adult non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lymph system.
General Information About Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast.
General Information About Childhood Non-Hodgkin¡¯s Lymphoma
Childhood non-Hodgkin¡¯s lymphoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lymph system.
General Information About Colon Cancer
The colon is part of the body¡¯s digestive system. The digestive system removes and processes nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water) from foods and helps pass waste material out of the body. The digestive system is made up of the esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestines. The first 6 feet of the large intestine are called the large bowel or colon. The last 6 inches are the rectum and the anal canal. The anal canal ends at the anus (the opening of the large intestine to the outside of the body).
General Information About Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.
General Information About Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lining of the stomach.
General Information About Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma During Pregnancy
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lymph system.
General Information About Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the prostate.
General Information About Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the skin.
General Information About Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles.
Getting the Support You Need
Chemotherapy, like cancer, can bring major changes to a person's life. While it can help cure your cancer, it can sometimes affect overall health, cause stress, disrupt day-to-day schedules, and strain personal relationships. It is no wonder, then, that some people feel tearful, anxious, angry, or depressed at some point during their chemotherapy.
GlaxoSmithKline Says Ceravix Cancer Vaccine Shows Antibody Response in Women
British drug maker GlaxoSmithKline PLC said Monday that its cervical cancer vaccine produced an immune response to viruses associated with cancer in all women in a late-stage clinical study.
Glossary: immunomodulatory, metastases, metastasize, overall response rate
Glossary: immunomodulatory, metastases, metastasize, overall response rate
Helping Yourself During Chemotherapy: Summary
4 Steps for Patients
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| Donot taking Tramadol if you are pregnant or Breastfeeding |
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| How do we feel pain ? Pain Mechanisms - Pain receptors, Pain signals |
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